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Research and analysis

Annex 2: Table 3

Updated 28 June 2021

锘縎迟耻诲测 Includes erythromycin, azithromycin or clarithromycin Includes outcome of interest (MCM, CVM or miscarriage) Comparator Included or excluded Reason for exclusion
Muanda FT, Sheehy O, Berard A. Use of antibiotics during pregnancy and the risk of major congenital malformations: a population based cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(11):2557鈥�71. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13364 yes (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) MCM, CVM unexposed included N/A
Romoren M, Lindbaek M, Nordeng H. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to erythromycin鈥攁 population鈥恇ased register study from Norway. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;74(6):1053鈥�62. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365鈥�2125.2012.04286 .x. yes (erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin) MCM, CVM unexposed included N/A
Cooper WO, Hernandez鈥怐iaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer SM, Gideon PS, et al. Antibiotics potentially used in response to bioterrorism and the risk of major congenital malformations. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2008;23(1):18鈥�28. https ://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365鈥�3016.2008.00978 .x yes (azithromycin, erythromycin) MCM unexposed included N/A
Lund M, Pasternak B, Davidsen RB, Feenstra B, Krogh C, Diaz LJ, et al. Use of macrolides in mother and child and risk of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: nationwide cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348:g1908. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g1908 any macrolide no (pyloric stenosis) N/A (case-control) excluded did not study outcome of interest
L锚 Nguy锚n T, Araujo M, Hurault鈥怐elarue C, Lacroix I, Damase鈥怣ichel C, Sommet A. Teratogenic risk of macrolides during the first trimester of pregnancy: a study with two complementary approaches within the EFEMERIS database. Clin Ther. 2017;39(8):e11鈥�2. any macrolide congenital malformations unexposed women and women exposed to penicillin excluded no individual analysis per macrolide (also could only find an abstract so limited detail)
Einarson A, Phillips E, Mawji F, D鈥橝limonte D, Schick B, Addis A, et al. A prospective controlled multicentre study of clarithromycin in pregnancy. Am J Perinatol. 1998;15(9):523鈥�5. https ://doi.org/10.1055/s鈥�2007鈥�99405 3. yes (clarithromycin) MCM, miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) women exposed to a nonteratogen with a similar indication to clarithromycin excluded mixed comparator group, only event rates presented