Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 18 (week ending 8 May 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 16 | 17 | 16 | 21 | 14 | 22 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | - | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 7 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 9 | 14 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 30 | 24 | 42 | 12 | 19 | 13 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 237 | 224 | 201 | 195 | 296 | 176 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 684 | 565 | 768 | 541 | 817 | 636 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 28 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 19 | 37 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 77 | 66 | 90 | 60 | 56 | 49 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 113 | 159 | 142 | 87 | 173 | 75 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 54 | 545 | 44 | 35 | 17 | 70 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 384,963 | 231,205 | 162,211 | 109,897 | 70,570 | 61,642 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 1,984 | 1,653 | 1,630 | 1,239 | 1,211 | 1,044 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,096 | 1,026 | 1,083 | 851 | 809 | 750 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,612 | 2,924 | 2,989 | 2,726 | 2,496 | 2,084 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 32 | 25 | 14 | 24 | 13 | 8 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 13 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 1,580 | 7,048 | 1,275 | 1,039 | 1,051 | 709 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 7,201 | 7,303 | 3,601 | 3,537 | 3,511 | 2,193 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 1 | - | - | 3 | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 21 | 24 | 26 | 32 | 69 | 19 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 17 | 19 | 28 | 32 | 52 | 57 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 4 | 3 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 1 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 41 | 29 | 29 | 25 | 62 | 33 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 5 | 8 | 16 | 12 | 11 | 6 |
| Hepatitis B | 199 | 160 | 214 | 174 | 169 | 188 |
| Hepatitis C | 458 | 320 | 351 | 376 | 265 | 285 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 27 | 18 | 33 | 21 | 19 | 27 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 1,057 | 929 | 1,123 | 757 | 630 | 542 |
| Influenza B | 23 | 45 | 44 | 13 | 32 | 16 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 2 | - | - | - | 6 | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 9 | 13 | 46 | 18 | 12 | 8 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella other named | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Legionella pneumophila | 6 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 9 | 2 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | - | 5 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 77 | 54 | 62 | 56 | 56 | 52 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 13 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 6 | 12 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | 1 | - | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 32 | 21 | 37 | 24 | 34 | 23 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 1 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 2 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 7 | 1 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 37 | 36 | 38 | 47 | 27 | 18 |
| Salmonella diarizonae | - | - | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 18 | 28 | 19 | 14 | 17 | 10 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | 5 | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 6 | 5 | 6 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella salamae | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 17 | 5 | 18 | 21 | 93 | 87 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 23 | 13 | 21 | 9 | 17 | 16 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 29 | 42 | 32 | 26 | 20 | 15 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 2 | 2 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 17 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 18 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 19 | 7 | 11 | 10 | 22 | 11 |
| Shigella sp | 25 | 38 | 38 | 23 | 61 | 49 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 50 | 33 | 42 | 44 | 79 | 52 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 91 | 91 | 109 | 106 | 87 | 92 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | - | 3 | - | - | 3 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 2 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | KPC | 4 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 6 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 7 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 3 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 2 | 5 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter gergoviae | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/13 | 2022/14 | 2022/15 | 2022/16 | 2022/17 | 2022/18 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens group | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.