Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 29 (week ending 24 July 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus anthracis | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Bacillus cereus | 26 | 25 | 22 | 19 | 22 | 40 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 2 | - | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 21 | 13 | 15 | 28 | 31 | 28 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | - | 3 | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | 1 | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 60 | 46 | 58 | 61 | 47 | 45 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 418 | 372 | 386 | 352 | 333 | 282 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,318 | 1,193 | 1,171 | 1,237 | 1,040 | 1,066 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 32 | 40 | 34 | 32 | 30 | 32 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 67 | 13 | 27 | 57 | 11 | 14 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 145 | 176 | 194 | 148 | 102 | 69 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 121 | 40 | 30 | 37 | 225 | 24 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 86,163 | 114,959 | 145,818 | 178,041 | 141,265 | 91,873 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 776 | 838 | 859 | 963 | 1,112 | 1,011 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 712 | 672 | 777 | 651 | 731 | 602 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,809 | 2,285 | 2,021 | 1,819 | 2,560 | 1,883 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 15 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 6 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 2,781 | 636 | 639 | 647 | 1,384 | 720 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 3,697 | 1,750 | 1,998 | 2,114 | 3,351 | 2,617 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium meleagridis | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 21 | 27 | 27 | 32 | 13 | 5 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 15 | 21 | 11 | 13 | 30 | 28 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 12 | 13 | 12 | 5 | 6 | 11 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 1 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | 3 | - | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 65 | 76 | 72 | 86 | 55 | 51 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 15 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 19 |
| Hepatitis B | 214 | 202 | 185 | 242 | 170 | 162 |
| Hepatitis C | 457 | 368 | 458 | 412 | 297 | 398 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 |
| Hepatitis E | 39 | 32 | 29 | 42 | 31 | 21 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 135 | 118 | 98 | 124 | 141 | 121 |
| Influenza B | 17 | 18 | 27 | 14 | 18 | 23 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 18 | - | 23 | 64 | 2 | 2 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
| Legionella sp | 2 | 2 | 3 | 4 | - | 3 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 6 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 78 | 58 | 67 | 73 | 56 | 35 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 14 | 12 | 6 | 18 | 8 | 12 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Monkeypox virus | 238 | 214 | 444 | 368 | 372 | 359 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 2 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 4 | - |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | - | - | 9 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 46 | 23 | 41 | 85 | 25 | 27 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 11 | 1 | 2 | 11 | - | 2 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 66 | 72 | 68 | 56 | 37 | 26 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 67 | 57 | 51 | 36 | 26 | 5 |
| Salmonella gueuletapee | - | - | 10 | 7 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella infantis | 9 | 7 | 12 | - | 7 | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella mikawasima | - | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 6 | 8 | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 17 | 32 | 41 | 71 | 98 | 147 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 38 | 29 | 37 | 34 | 20 | 9 |
| Salmonella virchow | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 1 | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 18 | 15 | 20 | 8 | 9 | 4 |
| Shigella sonnei | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 6 |
| Shigella sp | 38 | 40 | 40 | 41 | 37 | 38 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 48 | 64 | 50 | 74 | 85 | 72 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 77 | 74 | 109 | 92 | 85 | 50 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 3 | 1 | - | - | - | 3 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 2 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | - | 5 | 6 | 5 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 6 | 8 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 | - | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | KPC | 2 | 5 | 3 | 7 | 4 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 3 | 4 | - | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | OXA48 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea spp | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Raoultella planticola (klebsiella planticola) | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia spp | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/24 | 2022/25 | 2022/26 | 2022/27 | 2022/28 | 2022/29 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Pseudomonas monteilli | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period