Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 33 (week ending 21 August 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing
- Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile Virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
| Week notification received | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 | 2022/32 | 2022/33 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West nile virus | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus anthracis | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Bacillus cereus | 41 | 41 | 28 | 27 | 36 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 31 | 20 | 25 | 31 | 28 |
| Borrelia sp | 1 | 3 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 2 | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 51 | 38 | 41 | 37 | 34 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 344 | 287 | 292 | 293 | 252 |
| Campylobacter lari | 2 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 2 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,025 | 1,140 | 927 | 923 | 886 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | 1 | - | 2 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 34 | 23 | 23 | 41 | 29 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 14 | 5 | 8 | 6 | 6 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | 9 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 69 | 72 | 60 | 63 | 50 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 24 | 10 | 15 | 16 | 15 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) | 92,188 | 63,222 | 48,527 | 39,193 | 29,800 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (covid- 19) indeterminate | 1,085 | 873 | 654 | 1,287 | 662 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 603 | 416 | 391 | 376 | 316 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,883 | 1,695 | 1,292 | 1,560 | 1,660 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 755 | 585 | 684 | 551 | 498 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 2,746 | 2,309 | 2,103 | 2,060 | 1,801 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 3 | 3 | 5 | 9 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 17 | 27 | 27 | 36 | 17 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 12 | 11 | 14 | 25 | 42 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 1 | 2 | 1 | 30 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 15 | 19 | 23 | 14 | 18 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 1 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | - | 1 | - | 2 | 2 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 52 | 50 | 33 | 39 | 37 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 19 | 14 | 8 | 16 | 13 |
| Hepatitis B | 191 | 171 | 174 | 169 | 157 |
| Hepatitis C | 439 | 347 | 365 | 383 | 352 |
| Hepatitis D | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Hepatitis E | 23 | 20 | 20 | 26 | 26 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 124 | 112 | 117 | 146 | 125 |
| Influenza B | 20 | 19 | 12 | 19 | 16 |
| Influenza indeterminate | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 2 | 5 | 1 | 5 | - |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella other named | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 6 |
| Legionella sp | 3 | 2 | 1 | - | 4 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 6 | 7 | 2 | 5 | 6 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 49 | 63 | 84 | 57 | 48 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 9 | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Monkeypox virus | 364 | 304 | 236 | 171 | 104 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 7 | 2 | 1 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 3 | 5 | 14 | 1 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 27 | 26 | 31 | 41 | 27 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Rickettsia tsutsugamushi | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 78 | 71 | 70 | 74 | 49 |
| Salmonella agbeni | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Salmonella agona | - | - | 5 | 5 | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 44 | 55 | 53 | 63 | 26 |
| Salmonella infantis | 8 | 7 | 7 | 8 | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | - | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | - | - | 7 | - |
| Salmonella mikawasima | - | 7 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella montevideo | - | - | - | 5 | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 5 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella oranienburg | - | - | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella sp | 23 | 21 | 15 | 40 | 163 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 12 | - | 6 | 6 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 35 | 68 | 55 | 45 | 21 |
| Salmonella virchow | - | 5 | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 2 | - | 2 | - | 1 |
| Shigella flexneri | 10 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 11 |
| Shigella sonnei | 9 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 14 |
| Shigella sp | 28 | 34 | 29 | 31 | 27 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 79 | 77 | 63 | 73 | 59 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 51 | 74 | 63 | 53 | 47 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 | 2022/32 | 2022/33 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 3 | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Cronobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cronobacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | 2 | - | - | 4 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 5 | 8 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 2 | - | 5 | 7 |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 4 | 3 | 9 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 7 | 6 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | 3 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 4 | 9 | 8 | 3 |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 3 | 4 | 6 | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 3 |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Providencia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Providencia stuartii | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/29 | 2022/30 | 2022/31 | 2022/32 | 2022/33 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Acinetobacter calcoaceticus/baumannii complex | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period