Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 45 (week ending 13 November 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Monkeypox virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2022/40 | 2022/41 | 2022/42 | 2022/43 | 2022/44 | 2022/45 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 8 | 13 | 23 | 19 | 20 | 19 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | - | 1 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 24 | 19 | 12 | 14 | 26 | 20 |
| Borrelia sp | - | 2 | 29 | 5 | 3 | 3 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | 2 | - | - | 1 | 3 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 41 | 47 | 30 | 30 | 25 | 29 |
| Campylobacter fetus | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter gracilis | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 258 | 228 | 307 | 280 | 233 | 237 |
| Campylobacter other named | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter rectus | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 1,556 | 826 | 1,027 | 815 | 862 | 849 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | 2 | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 30 | 22 | 32 | 23 | 41 | 32 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 10 | 18 | 26 | 13 | 30 | 16 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 73 | 104 | 137 | 113 | 144 | 167 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 11 | 32 | 9 | 12 | 5 | 6 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 61,547 | 55,387 | 46,835 | 32,152 | 24,375 | 20,951 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 589 | 732 | 618 | 346 | 352 | 332 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 366 | 339 | 320 | 295 | 195 | 243 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 1,223 | 1,786 | 1,707 | 1,327 | 1,077 | 1,136 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 475 | 557 | 679 | 334 | 447 | 207 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 1,487 | 1,674 | 1,916 | 1,027 | 1,178 | 796 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 4 | - | 4 | 4 | 10 | 9 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 60 | 48 | 59 | 31 | 43 | 9 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 46 | 33 | 48 | 36 | 45 | 20 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 73 | 27 | 58 | 41 | 42 | 93 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | 2 | 4 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 15 | 19 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 7 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 2 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| Giardia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Giardia lamblia | 3 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 4 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 45 | 50 | 54 | 45 | 48 | 43 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 18 | 23 | 35 | 16 | 9 | 10 |
| Hepatitis B | 184 | 160 | 445 | 252 | 257 | 190 |
| Hepatitis C | 290 | 297 | 282 | 279 | 306 | 899 |
| Hepatitis D | 4 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| Hepatitis E | 35 | 26 | 41 | 43 | 29 | 45 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 609 | 827 | 1,338 | 1,325 | 1,277 | 1,503 |
| Influenza B | 56 | 83 | 124 | 104 | 87 | 125 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 10 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 16 | 23 | 32 | 58 | 43 | 83 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella pneumophila | 8 | 10 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 7 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 2 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 76 | 45 | 241 | 49 | 85 | 61 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 11 | 10 | 11 | 10 | 13 | 18 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Monkeypox virus | 20 | 13 | 10 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | 5 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 3 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 10 | 3 | - | 23 | 8 | 3 |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | - | - | 1 | 3 | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 38 | 56 | 45 | 65 | 33 | 55 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 5 | 12 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 6 |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 2 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 52 | 53 | 55 | 47 | 29 | 18 |
| Salmonella agona | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 71 | 72 | 53 | 45 | 21 | 13 |
| Salmonella infantis | 5 | 9 | 6 | 5 | - | - |
| Salmonella java | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella kentucky | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | - | 5 | 8 | 10 | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | 7 | 6 | 6 | 8 | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 30 | 18 | 13 | 35 | 108 | 138 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 10 | 17 | 7 | 15 | 19 | 9 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 54 | 44 | 32 | 31 | 16 | 7 |
| Salmonella virchow | 5 | - | - | 9 | - | - |
| Salmonella enterica | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 16 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 13 |
| Shigella sonnei | 20 | 35 | 48 | 30 | 24 | 21 |
| Shigella sp | 36 | 34 | 113 | 38 | 50 | 43 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 58 | 55 | 58 | 50 | 72 | 81 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 93 | 97 | 119 | 87 | 128 | 86 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/40 | 2022/41 | 2022/42 | 2022/43 | 2022/44 | 2022/45 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - | 3 |
| Ìý | NDM | 4 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 3 | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 3 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 6 |
| Ìý | NDM | 7 | 4 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 7 | 9 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 2 | 1 | - | - |
| Escherichia hermannii | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | IMP | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 7 | 11 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 7 |
| Ìý | NDM | 2 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 9 | 7 | 16 | 3 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Leclercia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Leclercia adecarboxylata | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea septica | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2022/40 | 2022/41 | 2022/42 | 2022/43 | 2022/44 | 2022/45 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Other | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Other acinetobacter spp | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | 2 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 4 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.