Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 20 (week ending 21 May 2023)
Updated 2 January 2024
© Crown copyright 2024
This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 ÒÁÈËÖ±²¥. To view this licence, visit or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk.
Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned.
This publication is available at /government/publications/notifiable-diseases-causative-agents-reports-for-2023/noids-causative-agents-week-20-week-ending-21-may-2023
NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mpox (monkeypox) virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium knowlesi
- Plasmodium malariae
- Plasmodium ovale
- Plasmodium vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
Statutory notifications of causative agents, grouped by root organism
Totals for the current week compared to the previous 5.
| Week notification received | 2023/15 | 2023/16 | 2023/17 | 2023/18 | 2023/19 | 2023/20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 9 | 17 | 22 | 17 | 14 | 10 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 15 | 21 | 16 | 13 | 21 | 15 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Brucella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Brucella melitensis | - | - | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Brucella sp | - | - | - | 2 | - | 1 |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 15 | 19 | 26 | 9 | 16 | 20 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 163 | 221 | 265 | 205 | 222 | 264 |
| Campylobacter lari | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Campylobacter rectus | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter sp | 523 | 816 | 792 | 716 | 744 | 1,186 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | 1 | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | 3 |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 35 | 32 | 53 | 50 | 34 | 34 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 50 | 53 | 43 | 40 | 44 | 27 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 1 |
| Human coronavirus hku1 | 1 | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 85 | 99 | 113 | 88 | 142 | 132 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | - | 5 | 4 | 14 | 7 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 13,098 | 11,082 | 10,550 | 9,831 | 8,003 | 6,854 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 252 | 157 | 186 | 231 | 100 | 78 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibody positive | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 41 | 46 | 63 | 64 | 80 | 60 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 212 | 187 | 256 | 176 | 308 | 179 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 56 | 74 | 101 | 63 | 73 | 79 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 190 | 225 | 301 | 177 | 192 | 215 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | 3 | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium cuniculus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 26 | 62 | 113 | 64 | 58 | 49 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 8 | 25 | 53 | 47 | 39 | 80 |
| Cryptosporidium ubiquitum | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 3 | - | - | 1 | 2 |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 9 | 8 | 14 | 6 | 11 | 6 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 1 | - | 3 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 55 | 50 | 56 | 64 | 65 | 63 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 5 | 12 | 7 | 9 | 10 | 7 |
| Hepatitis B | 252 | 253 | 266 | 225 | 222 | 245 |
| Hepatitis C | 265 | 311 | 328 | 304 | 312 | 365 |
| Hepatitis D | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Hepatitis E | 27 | 24 | 17 | 31 | 18 | 18 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 62 | 43 | 58 | 49 | 41 | 36 |
| Influenza B | 273 | 188 | 171 | 145 | 100 | 70 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 6 | - | - | - | - | 6 |
| Influenza ungrouped | 6 | - | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella longbeachae | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Legionella pneumophila | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 |
| Legionella sp | 1 | - | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 2 | 2 | 4 | - | 3 | 3 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 94 | 95 | 105 | 79 | 67 | 81 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 12 | 15 | 19 | 21 | 14 | 19 |
| Orthopoxvirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mpox virus | 1 | - | - | 3 | 4 | 6 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | 4 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
| Mumps virus | 1 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 1 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Plasmodium malariae | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Plasmodium ovale | - | 3 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Plasmodium vivax | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 29 | 42 | 50 | 46 | 32 | 53 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 7 | 4 | 11 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
| Polyomavirus untyped | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | - |
| Rickettsia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rickettsia sp | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
| Rickettsia spotted fever | 2 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 | - | 5 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 42 | 49 | 66 | 54 | 43 | 28 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 37 | 63 | 70 | 32 | 31 | 14 |
| Salmonella infantis | - | - | - | 6 | - | - |
| Salmonella saint-paul | - | 5 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella sp | 8 | 15 | 19 | 29 | 66 | 131 |
| Salmonella stanley | - | 6 | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 14 | 7 | 14 | 19 | 17 | 11 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 18 | 32 | 25 | 25 | 16 | 6 |
| Salmonella enterica | 6 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | - | - | 3 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Shigella dysenteriae | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | - | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 10 | 17 | 15 | 8 | 15 | 7 |
| Shigella sonnei | 14 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 20 |
| Shigella sp | 34 | 51 | 50 | 51 | 46 | 64 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 110 | 146 | 122 | 108 | 72 | 64 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 123 | 119 | 112 | 103 | 75 | 109 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/15 | 2023/16 | 2023/17 | 2023/18 | 2023/19 | 2023/20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | KPC | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 7 | 1 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 2 | 1 |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | 2 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | IMP | - | 2 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 5 |
| Ìý | NDM | 8 | 10 | 14 | 7 | 16 | 5 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 10 | 10 | 6 | 10 | 7 | 2 |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Escherichia vulneris | KPC | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella aerogenes | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 4 |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 5 | 5 | 5 | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| Ìý | NDM | 5 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 3 |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Other klebsiella spp | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Kluyvera | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Kluyvera spp | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | NDM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pantoea | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pantoea agglomerans | KPC | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Pantoea septica | KPC | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pluralibacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pluralibacter spp | KPC | - | 1 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Raoultella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Raoultella ornithinolytica | KPC | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Serratia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Serratia marcescens/ureilytica | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: the numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit.
| Week notification received | 2023/15 | 2023/16 | 2023/17 | 2023/18 | 2023/19 | 2023/20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acinetobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | IMP | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | IMP | - | 3 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | - | - | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | Other | 5 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Pseudomonas fluorescens group | Other | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Pseudomonas nitroreducens | NDM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | VIM | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Pseudomonas putida group | IMP | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other pseudomonas spp | Other | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Other | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 2 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de-duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period.